Fallon detalló ante el Parlamento británico que destinará 180 millones de libras (270 millones de dólares) más a lo largo de la próxima década para reforzar el despliegue militar en Malvinas, incluidos dos helicópteros Chinook, el reemplazo de misiles antiaéreos Rapier por otros de nueva generación y modernizaciones en infraestructura y comunicaciones.
Aunque el ministro no lo precisó, el Reino Unido destina cada año al menos 65 millones de libras al gasto militar en Malvinas, donde tiene desplegados unos 1.500 soldados, para una población de cerca de 2.900 habitantes.
El dato presupuestario fue confirmado por el ex vice primer ministro británico John Prescott (1997-2007) en un artículo publicado el 14 de febrero último por el periódico Daily Mirror, en el que el político laborista abogó por el retorno a su tierra de 2.000 nativos de la isla Diego García, en el Océano Indico, deportados por el Reino Unido para cumplir el contrato de arriendo a Estados Unidos de una base aérea.
Prescott dijo que Gran Bretaña destina al gasto militar en Malvinas “65 millones de libras esterlinas cada año”, según datos oficiales de 2015 y que, “en total, como gasto acumulado desde 1982 a la fecha, invirtió más de 1.000 millones de libras esterlinas (1.540 millones de dólares) en mantener a los 2.000 isleños, esto es, aproximadamente 500.000 libras (unos 770.000 dólares) por habitante”.
Según expertos, ese presupuesto se incrementaría hasta los 100 millones de libras anuales con solo tomar en cuenta gastos indirectos, como la operación y mantenimiento del destructor tipo 45 Dragon asignado a Malvinas y de los cuatro cazas Typhoon con asiento permanente en las islas.
En un orden más general, el presupuesto británico de Defensa equivale a unos 67.700 millones de dólares (es el cuarto o quinto mayor del mundo), mientras que el mismo tipo de gasto argentino alcanza los 4.330 millones de dólares.
El Reino Unido invierte en Defensa el 2,2% de su PBI (es el número 28 en el mundo en la relación gasto militar/PBI) y la Argentina, el 0,7 (es el número 108), según datos de 2013. De más está recordar la enorme disparidad entre los dos países en cuanto al tamaño de su PBI.
En este marco, parece por completo infundado e insostenible el argumento con el que Fallon anunció en el Parlamento británico, hace una semana, el incremento del gasto militar de su país en Malvinas.
En una sesión abierta en la Cámara de los Comunes, el ministro justificó ese aumento del gasto armamentista por el hecho de que la Argentina, según dijo, representa “un peligro muy concreto” ante el cual el Reino Unido debía “reaccionar”.
A pocos días de un nuevo aniversario de la guerra de 1982 y a cinco semanas semanas de las elecciones del 7 de mayo en Gran Bretaña, la escalada del gobierno conservador comenzó el 24 de marzo pasado, cuando el diario sensacionalista The Sun publicó un “informe exclusivo” en el que aseguraba que el Reino Unido enviaría más tropas a Malvinas por temor a un supuesto plan de invasión argentina con ayuda rusa.
Aunque enfáticamente rechazada por la Argentina, la descabellada hipótesis de The Sun fue horas más tarde convalidada en parte por el ministro Fallon, quien confirmó el incremento del gasto militar británico en las Malvinas, aunque admitió no tener pruebas de compras argentinas de armas rusas.
Analistas británicos atribuyeron el anuncio militarista respecto de Malvinas a la proximidad de las elecciones, en las que el gobierno del conservador David Cameron enfrenta no sólo una reñida disputa con el Partido Laborista sino la erosión que le provocan fuerzas emergentes, que “lo corren por derecha” en cuanto a nacionalismo.
Más allá de esta coyuntura, sin embargo, conviene tener presente que Gran Bretaña mantiene una estrategia de control del Atlántico Sur con bases militares y dominios coloniales en las islas Ascensión, Santa Elena y Tristán de Acuña, además de Malvinas.
En cuanto al área de Malvinas, Georgias del Sur y Sandwich del Sur, la importancia estratégica que le asigna el Reino Unido, para mantener la rémora colonial, toma en cuenta motivaciones desde militares a económicas.
Entre los factores geopolíticos prevalecientes, se destacan la proyección antártica, el paso bi-oceánico y la abundancia de recursos pesqueros, mineros e hidrocarburíferos en la zona, donde las empresas inglesas Premier Oil y Noble Energy operan en la actualidad una plataforma petrolera proveniente del Mar del Norte.
(Fuente: Télam)
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