La Cámara de Diputados aprobó y giró al Senado el proyecto de ley del Poder Ejecutivo por el cual se estatiza el sistema ferroviario nacional, en una votación que contó con el respaldo de 223 legiasladores (sobre 257 totales) pertenecientes al kirchnerismo, sus habituales aliados y la mayoría del arco opositor.
Además, se registraron 4 votos en contra, 7 abstenciones y 23 diputados no participaron de la votación, que se realizó tras 13 horas de debate.
Los bloques que apoyaron el proyecto fueron el Frente para la Victoria, Nuevo Encuentro, Movimiento Popular Neuquino, la Unión Cívica Radical, el PRO, el Socialismo, el Frente Renovador y la Coalición Cívica, entre otros.
En contra lo hicieron los tres diputados del Frente de Izquierda y Victoria Donda (Libres del Sur); en tanto que cuatro del GEN, uno de Unidad Popular, una de Proyecto Sur y un radical se abstuvieron.
La sesión fue seguida en el último tramo por el ministro de Interior y Transporte, Florencio Randazzo, quien en declaraciones a la prensa efectuadas en el Salón de los Pasos Perdidos destacó que “esta media sanción viene a completar el proceso de transformación ferroviario asociado al desarrollo de la economía argentina”.
El debate, que se inició poco antes de las 13, fue abierto por la presidenta de la comisión de Transporte, María Eugenia Zamarreño (Frente para la Victoria), quien aseguró que el proyecto de estatización del sistema ferroviario “no es un eslogan marketinero” y subrayó que se trata de “una modificación del paradigma del Estado frente al uso de los trenes y la gestión del uso de los trenes”.
El aliado Carlos Heller (Nuevo Encuentro) consideró que “éste es un tema clave, porque todo lo que pasó en la Argentina de los ´90 se construyó sobre el trabajo ideológico de instalación previa de que la eficiencia era sinónimo de la actividad privada y que lo público era sinónimo de ineficiencia, y en ese marco se crearon las condiciones para llevar adelante todo el proceso de desguace del Estado y de privatización de todas las empresas del sector público”.
“Los que tienen ese pensamiento son aquellos que creen que la eficiencia se mide por el último renglón del balance, es decir, cuánto ganan las empresas, porque las conciben siempre desde el punto de vista del lucro y no entienden que hay una cuestión más trascendente, que es el fin social que cumplen”, remarcó.
La presidenta del bloque kirchenrista, Juliana Di Tullio, encargada de cerrar el debate, dijo que el proyecto lleva a “una estatización total” del sistema ferroviario y apuntó que “con esta ley se están construyendo una política de Estado”.
“Les jode como ampolla que Cristina reestatice los ferrocarriles. Les jode que Menem los haya privatizado y que Cristina los reestatice”, dijo la diputada en respuesta a las críticas opositoras.
Y agregó: “Con esta ley volvemos a tener el manejo absoluto de las vías. Con ésta aprobación se caen de hecho todas las concesiones, que serán revisadas, porque el Estado volverá a tener el manejo de las vías, el Estado tendrá el control de la totalidad de las vías”.
En tanto, el presidente del bloque radical, Mario Negri, señaló: Acompañamos en general el proyecto, en lo que constituye una especia de crédito, de chance, porque los trenes deben volver a rol integrador, a fortalecer el desarrollo del país; porque es el Estado quien debe cumplir siempre la administración y la operación”.
“Es una ley importante, pero no estamos nacionalizando, ni expropiando. Estamos reordenando el sistema y en tal sentido vale recordar que el Estado ya opera algunas líneas y que solo hay cinco operadores privados”.
Asimismo, el diputado del Frente Renovador Héctor Daer reconoció “la predisposición de la presidenta de la comisión de Transportes, de los diputados del FPV y del ministro Randazzo de aceptar la propuesta que le hizo llegar el bloque” que integra.
“Aceptaron nuestra propuesta para dejar claro que el Estado no podía ceder la administración de la circulación de los trenes por las vías de nuestro país” y la posibilidad de “incorporar en el directorio de estas empresas que estamos creando a los usuarios, que son quienes transitan a diario en los trenes”, celebró el diputado massista.
En nombre del PRO, Federico Sturzenegger señaló que “vamos apoyar el proyecto porque “creemos que contribuye a la diversificación de la matriz del transporte de manera balanceada, lo que va a permitir el crecimiento armónico de la producción nacional”.
“Este proyecto logra un balance con un Estado que invertirá en la infraestructura necesaria mientras que le permite al capital privado competir en la operación de manera sana”, agregó.
A su vez, el diputado de Unidad Popular, Claudio Lozano, criticó el proyecto del gobierno nacional al asegurar que “no estatiza nada ya que no rescinde los contratos y abre incluso la puerta a nuevos operadores privados”.
En tanto, el diputado del Partido Obrero, Néstor Pitrola, señaló que este proyecto “privatiza el sistema de ferrocarriles” porque “consagra la participación pública y privada en la prestación y operación de los servicios ferroviarios y habilita la renegociación de los contratos de concesión, además de mantener el sistema de tercerizaciones”.
La propuesta otorga al Estado la potestad para “desafectar bienes, rescatar, reconvenir o renegociar contratos de concesión suscriptos con Nuevo Central Argentino, Ferroexpreso Pampeano, Ferrosur Roca, Metrovías y Ferrovías”.
La medida apunta a “profundizar el proceso de reordenamiento ferroviario y estratégico establecido por este gobierno nacional y en atención a la especificidad y profesionalidad que el sistema ferroviario requiere”.
Se trata de una disposición similar adoptada el 21 de agosto de 2014 cuando el Poder Ejecutivo había asignado a la Operadora Ferroviaria Sociedad del Estado (Sofse) la prestación de los servicios correspondientes a las líneas Roca, San Martín y Belgrano Sur.
Según la nueva normativa, la dirección y administración de la empresa pública estará a cargo de un directorio integrado por un representante de la Secretaría de Transporte, por el titular de la Administración de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias (o de la sociedad que la reemplace en el futuro), por el presidente del directorio de Belgrano Cargas y por dos representantes gremiales del sector, designados por el Ministerio del Interior.
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